Centre for Ecology, Development and Research (CEDAR)

THT Research Grant 2026

Project Title:

Remnant and Restorable Ecosystem (Rare) Assessment: Developing a Blueprint for Conservation and Restoration of Himalayan Oak Forests

Project Location:
  • Districts Nainital, Almora, Bageshwar and Champawat, Uttarakhand
Project Brief:

Himalayan oak forests are important ecosystems that provide vital resources to local mountain villages. These forests, in the mid-altitudes of the Western Himalayas, possess dense canopies, complex habitat structure and rich taxonomic and functional diversity. They are home to diverse floral and faunal species. However, recent increase in infrastructure development, warming temperatures, and overuse of forest resources have fragmented forests into small, isolated patches, causing local wildlife to disappear and affecting the natural growth of oak trees. Despite the recognised social-ecological importance of these forests, there is little coordinated conservation action towards restoration of oak forest fragments, principally due to the lack of rigorous data and awareness about ecological status and degradation.

To address this critical gap, this project will systematically map discrete oak forest fragments and assess their ecological intactness, connectivity, and restorability across several districts of Uttarakhand. The project will integrate remote sensing datasets with intensive field-based vegetation sampling, alongside avifaunal surveys to evaluate the presence of forest-specialist birds and seed dispersal agents. Focus group discussions with local communities will investigate forest governance dynamics, traditional resource-use patterns, and community willingness to conserve these habitats. Synthesising these datasets, the project will develop a Remnant and Restorable Ecosystem (RARE) metric for each forest fragment. This will provide an evidence-based blueprint for policymakers, NGOs, and local communities to prioritise targeted conservation and ecosystem restoration.

Project Objectives:

There is an absence of adequate spatially referenced data on degraded oak forest fragments, their potential for recovery and the drivers of degradation and fragmentation, which hinder effective conservation planning. Further, poor awareness of the critical issues affecting Himalayan oak forest, has led to negligence of this valuable biome by various stakeholders. Our earlier work (see publications and media reports) has found evidence of degradation and disappearance of oak forest, and rarity of endangered species. We now propose to carry out a wide-scale survey of Himalayan oak forest fragments across four districts of mid-altitudinal Kumaon, aimed at assessing suitability for restoration through quantifying tree diversity and composition, tree regeneration and forest specialist avifauna. Our key objectives therefore are:

  • Identifying discrete oak forest fragments in the region to create a comprehensive spatial map;
  • Systematically surveying these fragments to determine ecological intactness, distribution of vulnerable species (trees and plants), connectivity, habitat quality and governance status; and
  • Scoring individual fragments based on Remnant and Restorable Ecosystem (RARE metric) Assessment, which will combine ecosystem intactness and social-ecological potential for future restoration.
  • We will also explore the large-scale anthropogenic drivers of oak forest degradation based on statistical modelling.