M S SWAMINATHAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION

THT Research Grant 2026

Project Title:

Coastal Habitat Monitoring for Enhanced Resilience, Species Conservation, and Community Well-Being

Project Location:
  • Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, Bhitarkanika National Park, Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary and, Pichavaram Mangroves
Project Brief:

Coastal habitats across India are experiencing severe ecological degradation due to a "coastal squeeze," being trapped between rapid urban development on one side and rising sea levels from the other side. This pressure affects critical ecosystems, degrading habitat quality for flora and fauna, while lowering overall ecosystem resilience. In the Indo-Pacific, Sea Level Rise (SLR) is accelerating at a rate of 3.14 mm/year, significantly going above the global average of 2.5 mm/year. Despite the increased risk of coastal erosion from storm surges and extreme weather, there is a gap in localised scientific data regarding surface elevation changes and geomorphological responses, which limits the capacity of conservation managers to design effective adaptation plans.

This project will leverage and expand a standardised network of long-term ecological monitoring stations across four major protected areas along India’s east coast: Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, Bhitarkanika National Park, Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, and a new station in the Pichavaram mangroves. By deploying automated salinity and pH data sensors alongside Rod Surface Elevation Tables (rSETs), the team will systematically measure sediment accretion, biomass, and carbon stocks. The project will collate and analyse these datasets to develop site-specific SLR vulnerability profiles and a localised mangrove health index, providing forest departments and policymakers with evidence-based tools needed to prioritise restoration and secure biodiversity habitats.

Project Objectives:

Our primary goal is to generate scientifically robust, sufficiently detailed, and statistically defensible data, which may allow for developing contextual insights to address local challenges. To achieve this goal, we have the following objectives -

  • Continue long‐term monitoring of coastal sites at 3 locations and establish a new monitoring station in Picavaram, Tamil Nadu. By following standard protocols we will have measurements of biomass, surface elevation change, carbon dynamics, and vegetation diversity.
  • Monitor salinity, inundation frequency and pH using automated data sensors to record changes at high temporal resolution and determine habitat quality over time which determine flora and fauna at a side.
  • Integrate these datasets into an initial vulnerability assessment for each site. The expected outcome is robust, comparable evidence to guide targeted restoration, strengthen local management decisions, and contribute to national coastal management and climate adaptation.