Arulagam

THT Conservation Grant 2026

Project Title:

One Health Approach for Conserving Critically Endangered Vultures and Hyena in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu

Project Location:
  • Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve – Mudumalai and Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu
Project Brief:

The Nilgiri-Moyar landscape in Tamil Nadu supports viable populations of three Critically Endangered vulture species - the White-rumped Vulture, Long-billed Vulture, and Red-headed Vulture, alongside the Endangered Striped Hyena, which together serve as apex sanitary workers and obligate scavengers. However, this ecosystem faces a complex crisis at the intersection of environmental, animal, and human health. The decline of vultures has created an ecological void, leading to a surge in feral dog populations that are now competing with, and leading to the physical displacement of vultures. This has led to a heightened risk of zoonotic disease transmission to both people and wildlife alike. Vultures also face severe mortality risks from the use of toxic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the veterinary market, as well as retaliatory carcass poisoning by marginalised farmers trying to protect their livestock from predators.

Building on twelve years of experience, this project aims to secure a functional Vulture Safe Zone by addressing interconnected threats. Key interventions include mitigating toxic NSAID’s usage, preventing retaliatory carcass poisoning, and managing the risk of zoonotic disease spread through anti-rabies vaccination and advocacy for Animal Birth Control. By involving indigenous communities as primary health and One Health Guardians, the project will bridge the gap between grassroots action and institutional policy. This integrated model not only protects three flagship species from extinction, but also restores the natural carcass-disposal system, ensuring a safer, healthier environment for both wildlife and people.

Project Objectives:

The project has the following objectives:

  • Eliminate toxic NSAID infiltration through biannual pharmacy audits and carcass tissue sampling in 150 domestic carcass to ensure 95% carcass safety across the landscape.
  • Reduce the "dog menace" and rabies risk by implementing Dog Population Management (DPM) in 10 fringe villages while training 10 Indigenous "One Health Guardians" for community-led vulture and livestock health surveillance.
  • Continuous long-term monitoring of vultures and leverage evidence-based data to support the Tamil Nadu Forest Department in formalizing and managing the Moyar–Nilgiri landscape as a legally recognized, functional Vulture Safe Zone.